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Diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (i.e. Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s) and mental health disorders, have multifactorial and complex backgrounds involving genetic, environmental, and personal attributes (Yamamoto et al., 2022; Perna & Nemeroff, 2022). Even between patients with the same disease, the pathogenesis and causative factors relating to the disease...

The Human Genome Project, a 13-year undertaking completed in 2003, marked the first time that the entire human genome was sequenced, and was a major breakthrough in biotechnology (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2024). In 2022 - just 19 years later - the Guinness World Record for fastest human genome sequencing was set with a time of just 5 hours and 2 minutes...